Global distribution Free Essays

Online through Turning Marks: 30 marks Objectives This assessment item relates to the course learning outcomes 1 to 4 as stated in the unit outline. Students are to form their own groups and select their own group members. There will be a maximum of 5 members in a group. We will write a custom essay sample on Global distribution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guidelines: You must use at least 15 peer-reviewed publications to support your essay. In addition, you will need to read and refer to non-peer reviewed documents such as kooks, trade journals and articles to substantiate your discussion. Length: Maximum 4500 words Size 12, Font Times New Roman. Double-spaced. Margin 2. CACM all round. Use the Chicago referencing style. You should demonstrate a mature level of post-graduate writing. Transportation concepts and approaches learnt in this unit must be linked to this assignment. Students will be evaluated (as a group) in terms of their capacity to demonstrate understanding of the key issues in the relevant literature and applying it to the area f transportation and distribution management under supply chain competitive advantage and optimal performance’. Writing skills will be assessed. This Includes executive summary, Introduction, body, conclusion, high level of critical analysis and discussion of academic journal articles, supporting articles to the authors opinions and conclusions. Must demonstrate the width and depth of the arguments. A professional level of presentation is expected. All references must be and listed in the reference section. SE illustrations, diagrams, charts and table to enhance your report. Check the Assessment Marking Guide (end of this document). Make sure that you can tick off the items listed as you are writing or reviewing your manuscript. Many of these marks are easy to get. Examples: all references must be cited within the text, summary of main points, using the right referencing style. Check what you have done against the Assessment Marking Guide and make sure they match closely. Use your spell check functions. Proofread your document. Volume of global trade has increased multi-fold in the past decade. This has impacted on transportation infrastructure in many countries. The statement the essay needs to be addressed â€Å"Discuss how Transportation optimization has contributed to increased efficiencies in transportation and distribution†. Information may be drawn from trade, practitioner, and academic Journals to discuss this statement. How to cite Global distribution, Papers

Managing Employees and Relations Qantas

Question: Discuss about theManaging Employees and Relationsfor Qantas. Answer: Background Of Qantas 2011:- The Qantas unions represented three main divisions of staff. The unions represented mainly the three divisions of staff in Qantas. Due to the launch of new "enterprise bargaining agreement" the unions were trying to come into a negotiation. The main issues of the agreement are as follows:- Transport Workers Union of Australia The Australian and International Pilots Union The Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association Stakeholders And Their Outlined Actions:- In each case the matter was different but the common cause remained the same for all including levels of pay, opportunities of outsourcing and securities regarding job. There were various negotiations done between Qantas and three other unions due to which each union asked their members to vote secretly then deployed relatively mild industrial-relations sanctions. These kinds of actions were taken under the law of protected industrial action. As mentioned earlier, on Saturday 29 October 2011 Qantas gave notice to its three unions and other employees who were falling under the enterprise agreements. The agreement stated that the employees who are representing the unions shall be lockout from 8.00pm on Monday 31 Oct. Usually lockout can be implemented under FW Act s 19(3), which states that whenever any particular worker prevent other workers or employees from accomplishing their task when the employees are already under the contract of employment and without terminating those contract s he cannot refuse to work. These actions are generally taken by the workers who are under enterprise agreement negotiations. The employees usually take help of these industrial actions in order to protect themselves. Majorly the key stake holders include the employees representing the unions and the three main unions. Under the act 411, these activities are usually arranged to revert the industrial action by employees or the representatives. While protected industrial action taken by employees or unions must be preceded by the giving of three clear working days written notice to the employers a lockout can take place with immediate effect following the provision of written notice (Scribd. 2016) Actions Taken By Qantas Ceo:- In return , the CEO of Qantas Alan Joyce on October 29, 2011, finally decided to ground Qantass worldwide fleet immediately further it was also declared by him that , the staff members who are members or represented by these three unions will be lockout .The lockout ones would not be given their salary. This announcement spread like wild fire throughout the entire nation and finally harnessed the company's reputation. After this incident Qantas lost many of its employees and customers. The CEO of Qantas was left out with no other alternative and his main agenda was to hit government intervention. While announcing the lockout CEO stated that in order to get solution for this particular situation the following step is been taken. The main motive of the higher authorities is put an end to entire crises thereby the company is using its protected industrial action in order to make the unions serious about their actions and further to get company a better deal from them. According to CEO b asically it was introduced to bring back peace in the organization (Scribd. 2016) Results Of Lockout:- This particular action turned successful as it resulted in national crises. A country like Australia is basically an island which is surrounded by water .Thus airlines is the main mode of communication to other countries for goods and passenger travelling. Apart from that Australian road and rail connectivity is not so good in its other cities thus the Federal government urged FWA to intervene immediately( Cahan, J., 2003) After Qantas Grounded Its Feet:- After the airline company grounded its fleet throughout the entire on October 29, 2011. A three men committee was formed by Fair Work Australia (FWA) to listen the entire scenario. Finally FWA decided to terminate all the industrial actions taken by Qantas and its three unions. Further it offered the respective parties a time period of 21 days in order to negotiate and settle the entire issue.. The parties were obliged to engage in bargaining in good faith". Finally on Monday midnight deadline passed and the parties were asked to shift to binding arbitration determined by FWA. These kinds of settlements are usually valid for maximum four years. FWA is actually Australian national work-place relations tribunal. It is not at all biased and it often termed as the umpire of industrial relations. Moreover the decision taken by this body still had faced a legal challenge by the unions namely: the Australian and International Pilots Association and the Transport Workers Union. But at the sa me time this kind of legal challenge was strictly opposed (Floyd Fowler, 2009) Alternative Steps Qantas Could Have Taken Each of the unions had different claims but the common demand was regarding their common concerns of income and employment security. Hence they were trying to enter an agreement which include their reassurance with such matters but Qantas was not ready to help them as it was focusing on cost cutting by outsourcing within and outside Australia. If the company would have reached a negotiation regarding employee security then this entire incident could have been avoided; it is always the company's responsibility to secure its employees. Apart from that it would have given them more "ownership" of settlements in case arbitrator implements settlements; it's very clear that both the parties would not be satisfied with the proposed outcome. But the relationships have reached such low level of trust, thus in this case it was unlikely for both the parties to negotiate further without FWA intervention (Green, et al., 2011) Australian Waterfront Dispute Of 1998:- In this particular assignment we will discuss 1998 Australian Waterfront dispute. The main points which will be covered in further paragraphs will be to explore the relations of employment, effective and proper workforce for the management reformation and finally evaluating stakeholder's roles. The 1998 Waterfront dispute is one of the greatest event and crucial industrial reforms which took place in the history of Australia. It laid a major impact on the whole waterfront and also re-examining the traditional roles of the MUA and other trade unions.TheAustralian waterfront dispute of 1998took place as the Patrick corporation was trying to restructure its management .Due to this illegal restructuring it sacked the entire work force of the company. All the employees were lockout so that the recruitment of new employees can be done without union formation (Helfat, Martin, 2014. ) The main events in this dispute took place in four main parts , where thePatrick Corporationhad its main and crucial operations. Melbourne, Brisbane,Fremantleand Sydney were its main offices. Finally on 7th April 1998 Chris Corrigan sacked all the employees and locked them out so that the company can recruit non-unionized employees who are trained from Dubai. It was hard struggle for the employees for 14 days after the lockout took place; eventually after all this troubles they got relief when justice Tony North finally declared reinstatement rights for the 1,400 sacked Maritime Union of Australia waterside workers. The judgment further stated that company should divide its functions within its two major companies. Apart from that Patrick group should divide the business of its two companies which will also make it easier for them to terminate its employees. It is arguable on the evidence that this was done because the employees were members of the union. Further the company came up with judgment that after two days on April 23 ' but two days later on April 23, the full bench of the Federal Court upheld Justice North's decision. This lockout was actually a serious challenge for the cooperation and trade union. Further the support of Howard government started the Workplace Relations Act 1996 as a substitute of national industrial agreements based on the salaries and situations along with particular contracts between workers and employees. This was a judgment in which both the parties were satisfied. On one side Patrick made crucial and efficient changes in its practices of work and on the other hand the employees got certain benefits like voluntary redundancies and the contracting out of some work (Randolf, J.J., 2009) Causes Of Dispute:- Due to the emergence of Australia as an economical power in 1988 the docks imported and exported 64% of cargo .Which was very high as compared to the last years. Apart from that the era was of technological development which was brought by Containerization the WIRA, (Waterfront Industry Reform Authority) .They were responsible for changing the practices of work of he marine companies. These companies required less workforce and. But due to Howard Govt Workplace Relations Act (1996) again the labors and workers became important and productive (Hutchison, Boxall, 2014) Actions Taken By Patricks:- Patrick Stevedores on April 7th terminated its whole workers and employees including1400 employees who were permanent and 600 casual employees. Due to this lockout all the employees were suspended from the company with a immediate termination .Apart from that this process was continued throughout a month. In this particular policy Federal government which was the running government at that time was totally supporting the workers because at the same time government was also interested to reduce the impact of union in the industries. as this led to the termination of many security guards who were armed with dogs entered Patrick's 17 wharves across Australia, forcing unionists off the job (Jones, 2001) Industrial Actions Taken By Mua:- There were strikes done raised like wildcat due to these issues and rolling (in intervals of 48hrs to avoid fines from the Workplace Relations Act) strikes occurred. Further the unions were also very careful that they do not react or do violent activities which can cause harm to the company members (Lislie, 2011) Pickets were finally arranged by the MUA which further blocked the ports of Patrick so that any export or import cannot be done through those areas. The company finally managed to get the court approval in order to barricade the union members who were preventing them to use their respective dock areas. Sabotage The CEO of Patrick's clearly announced that the employees were not productive and they were working very poorly intentionally. Short Term And Long Term Impacts Of Stakeholders In The Industry:- Usually the dispute of Waterfront was majorly a victory of three stakeholders. After this entire scenario MUA managed to survive as a union on the waterfront which also helped to prevent the termination of large no of employees. On the other hand Patrick was able to reduce its workforce and cost cutting agenda was fulfilled. The Howard Govt. of the time also benefited from improved international trade capabilities ( Purdue University). Recommendation: It is very evident from all these issues of waterfront that the conflict took place earlier but was waiting for the correct opportunity to explode. Apart from that it was Patrick's poor management and industrial relation with its union members which created the whole issue but at the same time with the help of government the company was able to negotiate in a proper manner. This also clearly shows the impact of minor issues can generate dangerous conflicts if they are not taken care or treated through proper communication and sensitivity., Further in conclusion it would can stated that the reforms of the docks wouldnt have been possible without this agitation and conflict Eventually the Airc should have been invited to stop this conflict so that the cost of the courts and negativities could have been avoided. References Uk Essays, 2015. The Historical Waterfront Dispute Management Essay .[Online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/the-historical-waterfront-dispute-management-essay.php Scribd. 2016 .The Qantas Dispute : An industrial Action Case Study .[Online] Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/97167470/The-Qantas-Dispute-An-Industrial-Action-Case-Study Cahan, J., 2003. Mini-lecture on writing a critique- effective acade. [Online] Available at: https://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/b/j/bjj6/ENGL015-2001Critique.html [Accessed 22 September 2016]. Floyd, J. Fowler, J., 2009. Survey Research Methods. 4th ed. Nashville: SAGE. Green, R.R. et al., 2011. Management matters in New Zealand: How does manufacturing measure up? Wellington.: Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Economic Development. Helfat, C.E. Martin, J.A., 2014. Dynamic Managerial Capabilities: Review and Assessment of Managerial Impact on Strategic Change. Journal of Management, 41(5), pp.1281-312. Hutchison, A. Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52, pp.23-41. Jones, B.J., 2001. Rhetoric and composition. [Online] Available at: 22 [Accessed September 2016 2016]. Lislie, J.D., 2011. The Benefits And Challenges Of Mixing Methods And Methodologies:Lessons Learnt From Implementing Qualitatively Led Mixed Methods Research Designs in Trinidad and Tobago. Caribbean Curriculum, 18, pp.87-120. Metcalfe, M., 2002. Preparing a critique of an article: Using argument as an inquiry. [Online] Available at: https://godot.unisa.edu.au/register/articles/5.doc [Accessed 22 September 2016]. Purdue University, 2016. Writing a thesis Staement: Available at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/general/gl_thesis.html [Accessed 16 September 2016]. Randolf, J.J., 2009. A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 13, p.14.

Machiavelli vs. Erasmus Essay Essay Example

Machiavelli vs. Erasmus Essay Paper Machiavelli vs. ErasmusI believe that both of these positions. to a certain extent and in certain state of affairss. are still relevant today. With some people. the parts of the population that seek merely to derive in their lives. and non lend to the improvement of society. I would state that the Machiavellian attack would be of better usage. Because he is right. a batch of work forces are thankless. fickle. delusory. avoiders of dangers and tidal bore to derive. With these sorts of people. they will seek to take what they can without respect for who they crush. so the lone manner to maintain them in cheque is their fright of the penalties they might have. We evidently don’t have to worry about them killing person for political grounds like in the times when â€Å"The Prince† was written. but I would state that ictus of belongings is still a penalty used today. We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli vs. Erasmus Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli vs. Erasmus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli vs. Erasmus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That is the first thing people go for when seeking penalty or reparations ; money. ownerships or belongings. I think love of state. non needfully the individual running it is the best manner to acquire devotedness from people. So I disagree that those people who follow out of love are less dependable. Particularly right now. as a member of the armed forces. I can talk for myself a many of my companions that we don’t agree with most. if anything. our current leader says or does. But we follow his orders anyhow. because we love this state. and that is greater than any personal ground for non following our President. If anyone even tried to utilize the fright attack. they would neer even acquire elected. That is why they have propaganda and the occasional commercial stating all the good workss they do. non stating who they punished for non holding with them. So possibly in a state where democracy doesn’t decide the leader. Machiavelli’s attack might be used. but in ours. I would state merely for little parts of the population would it be utile. I think Erasmus’s position would be more recognized in today’s universe. We all know some politicians don’t follow a batch of the things he lists a good swayer should make. I don’t agree with him stating that taking an hurt and losing a small of the â€Å"empire† might be a better pick. Not taking those hurts. and demoing the universe that we are a ace power and won’t take things puting down is the best manner to avoid injury in the long tally. But his positions on what a leader should be. and how he should handle the citizens of his state I wholly agree with. The leader should set the good of the people before his ain public assistance. But I don’t think that war brings all the bad lucks of province. sometimes it is necessary to travel to war with those who would convey those bad lucks. I believe that progressives fall under Erasmus’s class with merely a small of Machiavelli. with conservativists utilizing some of both. Judging from the two positions. I would state that the progressives follow more closely to Erasmus because of his attack to peace. Give a small pride and take a hit. avoid war at all costs. These are attacks that. in my sentiment. the most recent broad presidents we’ve had have used. While the conservativists hit right back and went to war. The war might hold caused many bad lucks since so. but who knows what might hold happened to us if we had done nil? We used the fright of penalty attack. and I think it worked merely all right. So in decision. I think Erasmus’s position is the better attack on how to see and handle the citizens of a state. But there are some times when Machiavelli’s attack is necessary. if non to your citizens. so to those who would mistreat them.

How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content

How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content When people like doing something, it shows in their work. Heck, built its entire team  based on that idea: And when it comes to your content, you want people who are passionate about it working on it- every step of the way. Building the ideal content marketing team structure means finding the right person  for each step of the process. So how can you get the best content from your marketing team by identifying what they want to do most? How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content via @KristiHinesDefine Roles For Every Person  Who Participates In Content Marketing Each person in your content marketing team structure should have a role. Let's be clear: Roles aren't titles. People on your existing team  can- and should- serve in these roles. For smaller businesses, there may be one person with multiple roles, but when those content marketing roles are defined, the process will be smoother. Here are the primary roles in the content marketing team structure. Try these 8 marketing team roles to create the best content1. Content marketing strategists Content marketing strategists set the stage for the entire content marketing operation. Your strategists help the entire content marketing team understand your audience (most likely in the form of personas), the topics you'll cover (based on your content core) and how you'll measure success. 2. Content strategists If content marketing strategists lay out a game plan, the content strategists are responsible for directing the team to execute the plan. Content strategists focus on the audience and topics, and determine the best content, channels and overall ways to connect your content marketing with your customers. 3. Idea contributors Do you know  people who  have a million ideas in their head, but may not have the time to create content or the desire to do so? These folks  have lots of great ideas when it comes to the topics that people might enjoy reading about. These are your ideal idea contributors. The best part about idea contributors is that they don't have to be limited to people inside your content marketing team structure. Idea contributors are everyone from your customer support techs to your CEO. Unless they express interest in creating content, you shouldn't pressure them to do so. Instead, just invite them to share their ideas for others to develop. Make it easy for idea contributors  by giving them access to a shared Google spreadsheet or letting them email a specific member in the content marketing team structure. Let them contribute as little information (such as a topic idea or content title) or as much information (topic idea plus outline or main points) as they want. The simpler you make the process, the more ideas you can get for the content creators on your team. The simpler you make it to submit content ideas, the more you'll get from your thought leaders.4. Content  writers Content writers are the people who use their creativity and knowledge to develop various types of content. With the support of idea contributors, content creators never have to fear the dreaded "writer's block" syndrome. And with the support of content editors, they don't have to focus on the technical aspects of writing- they can just let their ideas flow. 5. Content editors Content editors are the people in your content marketing team structure who use their technical writing skills to refine content created by your content creators. They are the people who may not have a steady stream of topic ideas or a willingness to write tons of content. But they can ensure that each piece of content flows well and is free of spelling and grammatical errors. They also manage the editorial calendar to ensure that content is published on a regular basis. 6. Content promoters Content promoters spread your content far and wide after it goes live. Anyone in your company with a social media account can do the simple promotion of sharing your content with their network. In addition to simple content promoters, you should have someone who  handles the full promotion of each piece of content. Full promotion includes sharing content on the company's social networks, sending the content out to newsletter subscribers, reaching out to other blogs that might be interested in linking to the content, and so on. 7. Graphic Designers Strong visual communicators are invaluable for content marketing. Sure, you can create graphics using a variety of free tools. However, they are not a replacement for a skilled graphic designer. Content teams tend to have heavy visual design needs. That means designers carry a heavy load. Some of the assets they create include: Website images Blog post graphics Social media graphics (post images, cover photos, etc.) E-book covers Presentation slide graphics Infographics Print collateral (brochures, flyers, etc.) That's just a short list of examples.  A great designer will ensure your content maintains a consistent brand identity across  all your content. 8. Community managers Community managers help manage the engagement around your content, including comments and social media posts. They will respond to comments, moderate spam and thank those who  share your content. Having a dedicated community manager for your blog will help you grow a loyal community of readers and people who love to share your content. 9. Content analysts There should be someone who takes the time to review the analytics for your content. This person will look at traffic, social shares, engagement, search rankings and conversions to determine which pieces of content perform best for your business. They will use this data to suggest the best topics, optimal times to publish  and strongest content creators. 10. Videographers / Video editors You've probably heard the hype around video content marketing. Believe it. The  value and growth of video marketing is only set to increase. These folks will shoot and edit video for social media, blog posts, your website, YouTube (and other video hosting and sharing sites), and more. Shooting live video for social media is also an important skill. Content Creators Are Linchpins In Your Content Marketing Team Structure While every role is essential for a successful content marketing team structure, content creators take on a bulk of the workload. There are tons of different types of content creators that you should have in your content marketing team structure. Here are a few ways to make sure each content creator is doing what they love. Who's the best at creating certain content formats? Not all content creators are writers, nor should they be. You will want to enlist the help of content creators who  can handle different types of content including text, graphics (blog graphics and infographics), audio (podcasts) and video (screencasts and on-camera). When you have content creators to cover all of the content  formats your content strategist recommends you use, you can create robust pieces of content that include different formats to appeal to different learners. For example, you could have a tutorial post that includes great screenshots and video screencasts. You could have videos with optional MP3 downloads. Think of ways to mix and match your content, and you'll appeal to those who prefer to read, listen and watch. Focus on your marketing team's strengths. Not all content creators are created equal. Some may have particular strengths, all of which are important to your content development. Here are a few strengths to look for within your content creators: Researching Some people love data. They love digging into analytics to identify specific trends that lead to specific results. They love hunting for convincing statistics. They love conducting experiments. They love keeping tabs on your competitors to see what content topics perform best for them. These people are the researchers on your team. They can help you create in-depth content, such as reports, white papers and e-books. They can also boost the value of the content created by other team members by backing up advice with the data needed to convince readers to take action. Storytelling Storytelling is not a gift that every content creator has tucked away under their belt. But it's an important aspect that can help people relate to your content, even in a boring industry. Educating Those that love to teach will enjoy creating the educational content. Educational content includes how-to posts, guides and e-books. Interviewing Interviews make for great content because you can bring in viewpoints from outside your company. In addition, you can generally rely on the interviewee to promote your content, exposing it to a new audience. Having someone with interviewing skills in your content marketing team structure is a definite plus! Assign content creation  based on your marketing team's interests. While most people can write about several different topics, many have topics they are passionate about. Harness your team's passion to create the best content.Those who write about the topics they love and know like the back of their hand are going to create superb content that your audience is going to love. If you can find someone on your content creation team to cover each of the main topic areas for your blog and other content types, they will automatically become your company's "expert" on that topic. Who on your marketing team knows your audience the best? Do you have multiple personas defined for your content marketing strategy? For example, maybe you have a great tool for businesses and thus write content geared towards CEOs, project managers and potential product users. If so, then you might want to know which of these audiences your content creators want to write for. How To Find Out Your Marketing  Team's Interests Now that know what you need to identify from the members of your content  marketing  team, here's how to do it. Google Forms is the perfect tool because it is free to use and will collect the data you need in one place. To get started, go to Google Drive, log in to your Google account, and click the "New" button. Select "Google Forms", which is sometimes under the "More" popout. First, name your survey. Then you will add questions to help you classify what roles each person in your content marketing team would like to pursue, their strengths, their interests, their preferred content formats and their audience. Once completed, your form should look similar to this. Once you finish, you will click the "Send Form" button. Google Drive will give you the link to share your survey, along with the option to enter email addresses to send the survey to. When you visit Google Drive, you will see two files: "Your Survey" and "Your Survey (Responses)". The responses file is a spreadsheet where survey answers are  recorded. This spreadsheet will be your go-to resource when you decide how to organize your content  marketing  team structure. Once you receive all of the responses, you should know who wants to fill specific roles in your content marketing team, what type of content the content creators want to develop, and who will handle editing, promotion and analytics. As you gain new employees, you can send the survey to them to see if they would be interested in being a part of your content marketing team as well. Your Next Step: Structure Your Team To Create Better Content By allowing your content marketing team to focus on the things they do best and the topics they are most passionate about, you will ensure that they are delivering the best content possible for your company. Be sure to survey your content marketing team today to see if you are using  everyone's strengths and see what a difference it makes! What content marketing role do you serve on your team? How To Structure Internal And External Content Teams (From Our CEO, Garrett Moon) In order to build the world's best all-in-one  content marketing  calendar (yep!),   needs to understand how modern blogging teams work. So,  the team  called, emailed, and Googled its way to understanding. The results are valuable. Content marketing and editorial teams are diverse, but 's research  concluded that there are really only two major types of team structures, and then two minor ones that branch off from there. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these teams makes a huge difference in how you  manage and organize your own writing team. How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content When people like doing something, it shows in their work. Heck, built its entire team  based on that idea: And when it comes to your content, you want people who are passionate about it working on it- every step of the way. Building the ideal content marketing team structure means finding the right person  for each step of the process. So how can you get the best content from your marketing team by identifying what they want to do most? How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content via @KristiHinesDefine Roles For Every Person  Who Participates In Content Marketing Each person in your content marketing team structure should have a role. Let's be clear: Roles aren't titles. People on your existing team  can- and should- serve in these roles. For smaller businesses, there may be one person with multiple roles, but when those content marketing roles are defined, the process will be smoother. Here are the primary roles in the content marketing team structure. Try these 8 marketing team roles to create the best content1. Content marketing strategists Content marketing strategists set the stage for the entire content marketing operation. Your strategists help the entire content marketing team understand your audience (most likely in the form of personas), the topics you'll cover (based on your content core) and how you'll measure success. 2. Content strategists If content marketing strategists lay out a game plan, the content strategists are responsible for directing the team to execute the plan. Content strategists focus on the audience and topics, and determine the best content, channels and overall ways to connect your content marketing with your customers. 3. Idea contributors Do you know  people who  have a million ideas in their head, but may not have the time to create content or the desire to do so? These folks  have lots of great ideas when it comes to the topics that people might enjoy reading about. These are your ideal idea contributors. The best part about idea contributors is that they don't have to be limited to people inside your content marketing team structure. Idea contributors are everyone from your customer support techs to your CEO. Unless they express interest in creating content, you shouldn't pressure them to do so. Instead, just invite them to share their ideas for others to develop. Make it easy for idea contributors  by giving them access to a shared Google spreadsheet or letting them email a specific member in the content marketing team structure. Let them contribute as little information (such as a topic idea or content title) or as much information (topic idea plus outline or main points) as they want. The simpler you make the process, the more ideas you can get for the content creators on your team. The simpler you make it to submit content ideas, the more you'll get from your thought leaders.4. Content  writers Content writers are the people who use their creativity and knowledge to develop various types of content. With the support of idea contributors, content creators never have to fear the dreaded "writer's block" syndrome. And with the support of content editors, they don't have to focus on the technical aspects of writing- they can just let their ideas flow. 5. Content editors Content editors are the people in your content marketing team structure who use their technical writing skills to refine content created by your content creators. They are the people who may not have a steady stream of topic ideas or a willingness to write tons of content. But they can ensure that each piece of content flows well and is free of spelling and grammatical errors. They also manage the editorial calendar to ensure that content is published on a regular basis. 6. Content promoters Content promoters spread your content far and wide after it goes live. Anyone in your company with a social media account can do the simple promotion of sharing your content with their network. In addition to simple content promoters, you should have someone who  handles the full promotion of each piece of content. Full promotion includes sharing content on the company's social networks, sending the content out to newsletter subscribers, reaching out to other blogs that might be interested in linking to the content, and so on. 7. Graphic Designers Strong visual communicators are invaluable for content marketing. Sure, you can create graphics using a variety of free tools. However, they are not a replacement for a skilled graphic designer. Content teams tend to have heavy visual design needs. That means designers carry a heavy load. Some of the assets they create include: Website images Blog post graphics Social media graphics (post images, cover photos, etc.) E-book covers Presentation slide graphics Infographics Print collateral (brochures, flyers, etc.) That's just a short list of examples.  A great designer will ensure your content maintains a consistent brand identity across  all your content. 8. Community managers Community managers help manage the engagement around your content, including comments and social media posts. They will respond to comments, moderate spam and thank those who  share your content. Having a dedicated community manager for your blog will help you grow a loyal community of readers and people who love to share your content. 9. Content analysts There should be someone who takes the time to review the analytics for your content. This person will look at traffic, social shares, engagement, search rankings and conversions to determine which pieces of content perform best for your business. They will use this data to suggest the best topics, optimal times to publish  and strongest content creators. 10. Videographers / Video editors You've probably heard the hype around video content marketing. Believe it. The  value and growth of video marketing is only set to increase. These folks will shoot and edit video for social media, blog posts, your website, YouTube (and other video hosting and sharing sites), and more. Shooting live video for social media is also an important skill. Content Creators Are Linchpins In Your Content Marketing Team Structure While every role is essential for a successful content marketing team structure, content creators take on a bulk of the workload. There are tons of different types of content creators that you should have in your content marketing team structure. Here are a few ways to make sure each content creator is doing what they love. Who's the best at creating certain content formats? Not all content creators are writers, nor should they be. You will want to enlist the help of content creators who  can handle different types of content including text, graphics (blog graphics and infographics), audio (podcasts) and video (screencasts and on-camera). When you have content creators to cover all of the content  formats your content strategist recommends you use, you can create robust pieces of content that include different formats to appeal to different learners. For example, you could have a tutorial post that includes great screenshots and video screencasts. You could have videos with optional MP3 downloads. Think of ways to mix and match your content, and you'll appeal to those who prefer to read, listen and watch. Focus on your marketing team's strengths. Not all content creators are created equal. Some may have particular strengths, all of which are important to your content development. Here are a few strengths to look for within your content creators: Researching Some people love data. They love digging into analytics to identify specific trends that lead to specific results. They love hunting for convincing statistics. They love conducting experiments. They love keeping tabs on your competitors to see what content topics perform best for them. These people are the researchers on your team. They can help you create in-depth content, such as reports, white papers and e-books. They can also boost the value of the content created by other team members by backing up advice with the data needed to convince readers to take action. Storytelling Storytelling is not a gift that every content creator has tucked away under their belt. But it's an important aspect that can help people relate to your content, even in a boring industry. Educating Those that love to teach will enjoy creating the educational content. Educational content includes how-to posts, guides and e-books. Interviewing Interviews make for great content because you can bring in viewpoints from outside your company. In addition, you can generally rely on the interviewee to promote your content, exposing it to a new audience. Having someone with interviewing skills in your content marketing team structure is a definite plus! Assign content creation  based on your marketing team's interests. While most people can write about several different topics, many have topics they are passionate about. Harness your team's passion to create the best content.Those who write about the topics they love and know like the back of their hand are going to create superb content that your audience is going to love. If you can find someone on your content creation team to cover each of the main topic areas for your blog and other content types, they will automatically become your company's "expert" on that topic. Who on your marketing team knows your audience the best? Do you have multiple personas defined for your content marketing strategy? For example, maybe you have a great tool for businesses and thus write content geared towards CEOs, project managers and potential product users. If so, then you might want to know which of these audiences your content creators want to write for. How To Find Out Your Marketing  Team's Interests Now that know what you need to identify from the members of your content  marketing  team, here's how to do it. Google Forms is the perfect tool because it is free to use and will collect the data you need in one place. To get started, go to Google Drive, log in to your Google account, and click the "New" button. Select "Google Forms", which is sometimes under the "More" popout. First, name your survey. Then you will add questions to help you classify what roles each person in your content marketing team would like to pursue, their strengths, their interests, their preferred content formats and their audience. Once completed, your form should look similar to this. Once you finish, you will click the "Send Form" button. Google Drive will give you the link to share your survey, along with the option to enter email addresses to send the survey to. When you visit Google Drive, you will see two files: "Your Survey" and "Your Survey (Responses)". The responses file is a spreadsheet where survey answers are  recorded. This spreadsheet will be your go-to resource when you decide how to organize your content  marketing  team structure. Once you receive all of the responses, you should know who wants to fill specific roles in your content marketing team, what type of content the content creators want to develop, and who will handle editing, promotion and analytics. As you gain new employees, you can send the survey to them to see if they would be interested in being a part of your content marketing team as well. Your Next Step: Structure Your Team To Create Better Content By allowing your content marketing team to focus on the things they do best and the topics they are most passionate about, you will ensure that they are delivering the best content possible for your company. Be sure to survey your content marketing team today to see if you are using  everyone's strengths and see what a difference it makes! What content marketing role do you serve on your team? How To Structure Internal And External Content Teams (From Our CEO, Garrett Moon) In order to build the world's best all-in-one  content marketing  calendar (yep!),   needs to understand how modern blogging teams work. So,  the team  called, emailed, and Googled its way to understanding. The results are valuable. Content marketing and editorial teams are diverse, but 's research  concluded that there are really only two major types of team structures, and then two minor ones that branch off from there. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these teams makes a huge difference in how you  manage and organize your own writing team. How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content When people like doing something, it shows in their work. Heck, built its entire team  based on that idea: And when it comes to your content, you want people who are passionate about it working on it- every step of the way. Building the ideal content marketing team structure means finding the right person  for each step of the process. So how can you get the best content from your marketing team by identifying what they want to do most? How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content via @KristiHinesDefine Roles For Every Person  Who Participates In Content Marketing Each person in your content marketing team structure should have a role. Let's be clear: Roles aren't titles. People on your existing team  can- and should- serve in these roles. For smaller businesses, there may be one person with multiple roles, but when those content marketing roles are defined, the process will be smoother. Here are the primary roles in the content marketing team structure. Try these 8 marketing team roles to create the best content1. Content marketing strategists Content marketing strategists set the stage for the entire content marketing operation. Your strategists help the entire content marketing team understand your audience (most likely in the form of personas), the topics you'll cover (based on your content core) and how you'll measure success. 2. Content strategists If content marketing strategists lay out a game plan, the content strategists are responsible for directing the team to execute the plan. Content strategists focus on the audience and topics, and determine the best content, channels and overall ways to connect your content marketing with your customers. 3. Idea contributors Do you know  people who  have a million ideas in their head, but may not have the time to create content or the desire to do so? These folks  have lots of great ideas when it comes to the topics that people might enjoy reading about. These are your ideal idea contributors. The best part about idea contributors is that they don't have to be limited to people inside your content marketing team structure. Idea contributors are everyone from your customer support techs to your CEO. Unless they express interest in creating content, you shouldn't pressure them to do so. Instead, just invite them to share their ideas for others to develop. Make it easy for idea contributors  by giving them access to a shared Google spreadsheet or letting them email a specific member in the content marketing team structure. Let them contribute as little information (such as a topic idea or content title) or as much information (topic idea plus outline or main points) as they want. The simpler you make the process, the more ideas you can get for the content creators on your team. The simpler you make it to submit content ideas, the more you'll get from your thought leaders.4. Content  writers Content writers are the people who use their creativity and knowledge to develop various types of content. With the support of idea contributors, content creators never have to fear the dreaded "writer's block" syndrome. And with the support of content editors, they don't have to focus on the technical aspects of writing- they can just let their ideas flow. 5. Content editors Content editors are the people in your content marketing team structure who use their technical writing skills to refine content created by your content creators. They are the people who may not have a steady stream of topic ideas or a willingness to write tons of content. But they can ensure that each piece of content flows well and is free of spelling and grammatical errors. They also manage the editorial calendar to ensure that content is published on a regular basis. 6. Content promoters Content promoters spread your content far and wide after it goes live. Anyone in your company with a social media account can do the simple promotion of sharing your content with their network. In addition to simple content promoters, you should have someone who  handles the full promotion of each piece of content. Full promotion includes sharing content on the company's social networks, sending the content out to newsletter subscribers, reaching out to other blogs that might be interested in linking to the content, and so on. 7. Graphic Designers Strong visual communicators are invaluable for content marketing. Sure, you can create graphics using a variety of free tools. However, they are not a replacement for a skilled graphic designer. Content teams tend to have heavy visual design needs. That means designers carry a heavy load. Some of the assets they create include: Website images Blog post graphics Social media graphics (post images, cover photos, etc.) E-book covers Presentation slide graphics Infographics Print collateral (brochures, flyers, etc.) That's just a short list of examples.  A great designer will ensure your content maintains a consistent brand identity across  all your content. 8. Community managers Community managers help manage the engagement around your content, including comments and social media posts. They will respond to comments, moderate spam and thank those who  share your content. Having a dedicated community manager for your blog will help you grow a loyal community of readers and people who love to share your content. 9. Content analysts There should be someone who takes the time to review the analytics for your content. This person will look at traffic, social shares, engagement, search rankings and conversions to determine which pieces of content perform best for your business. They will use this data to suggest the best topics, optimal times to publish  and strongest content creators. 10. Videographers / Video editors You've probably heard the hype around video content marketing. Believe it. The  value and growth of video marketing is only set to increase. These folks will shoot and edit video for social media, blog posts, your website, YouTube (and other video hosting and sharing sites), and more. Shooting live video for social media is also an important skill. Content Creators Are Linchpins In Your Content Marketing Team Structure While every role is essential for a successful content marketing team structure, content creators take on a bulk of the workload. There are tons of different types of content creators that you should have in your content marketing team structure. Here are a few ways to make sure each content creator is doing what they love. Who's the best at creating certain content formats? Not all content creators are writers, nor should they be. You will want to enlist the help of content creators who  can handle different types of content including text, graphics (blog graphics and infographics), audio (podcasts) and video (screencasts and on-camera). When you have content creators to cover all of the content  formats your content strategist recommends you use, you can create robust pieces of content that include different formats to appeal to different learners. For example, you could have a tutorial post that includes great screenshots and video screencasts. You could have videos with optional MP3 downloads. Think of ways to mix and match your content, and you'll appeal to those who prefer to read, listen and watch. Focus on your marketing team's strengths. Not all content creators are created equal. Some may have particular strengths, all of which are important to your content development. Here are a few strengths to look for within your content creators: Researching Some people love data. They love digging into analytics to identify specific trends that lead to specific results. They love hunting for convincing statistics. They love conducting experiments. They love keeping tabs on your competitors to see what content topics perform best for them. These people are the researchers on your team. They can help you create in-depth content, such as reports, white papers and e-books. They can also boost the value of the content created by other team members by backing up advice with the data needed to convince readers to take action. Storytelling Storytelling is not a gift that every content creator has tucked away under their belt. But it's an important aspect that can help people relate to your content, even in a boring industry. Educating Those that love to teach will enjoy creating the educational content. Educational content includes how-to posts, guides and e-books. Interviewing Interviews make for great content because you can bring in viewpoints from outside your company. In addition, you can generally rely on the interviewee to promote your content, exposing it to a new audience. Having someone with interviewing skills in your content marketing team structure is a definite plus! Assign content creation  based on your marketing team's interests. While most people can write about several different topics, many have topics they are passionate about. Harness your team's passion to create the best content.Those who write about the topics they love and know like the back of their hand are going to create superb content that your audience is going to love. If you can find someone on your content creation team to cover each of the main topic areas for your blog and other content types, they will automatically become your company's "expert" on that topic. Who on your marketing team knows your audience the best? Do you have multiple personas defined for your content marketing strategy? For example, maybe you have a great tool for businesses and thus write content geared towards CEOs, project managers and potential product users. If so, then you might want to know which of these audiences your content creators want to write for. How To Find Out Your Marketing  Team's Interests Now that know what you need to identify from the members of your content  marketing  team, here's how to do it. Google Forms is the perfect tool because it is free to use and will collect the data you need in one place. To get started, go to Google Drive, log in to your Google account, and click the "New" button. Select "Google Forms", which is sometimes under the "More" popout. First, name your survey. Then you will add questions to help you classify what roles each person in your content marketing team would like to pursue, their strengths, their interests, their preferred content formats and their audience. Once completed, your form should look similar to this. Once you finish, you will click the "Send Form" button. Google Drive will give you the link to share your survey, along with the option to enter email addresses to send the survey to. When you visit Google Drive, you will see two files: "Your Survey" and "Your Survey (Responses)". The responses file is a spreadsheet where survey answers are  recorded. This spreadsheet will be your go-to resource when you decide how to organize your content  marketing  team structure. Once you receive all of the responses, you should know who wants to fill specific roles in your content marketing team, what type of content the content creators want to develop, and who will handle editing, promotion and analytics. As you gain new employees, you can send the survey to them to see if they would be interested in being a part of your content marketing team as well. Your Next Step: Structure Your Team To Create Better Content By allowing your content marketing team to focus on the things they do best and the topics they are most passionate about, you will ensure that they are delivering the best content possible for your company. Be sure to survey your content marketing team today to see if you are using  everyone's strengths and see what a difference it makes! What content marketing role do you serve on your team? How To Structure Internal And External Content Teams (From Our CEO, Garrett Moon) In order to build the world's best all-in-one  content marketing  calendar (yep!),   needs to understand how modern blogging teams work. So,  the team  called, emailed, and Googled its way to understanding. The results are valuable. Content marketing and editorial teams are diverse, but 's research  concluded that there are really only two major types of team structures, and then two minor ones that branch off from there. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these teams makes a huge difference in how you  manage and organize your own writing team. How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content When people like doing something, it shows in their work. Heck, built its entire team  based on that idea: And when it comes to your content, you want people who are passionate about it working on it- every step of the way. Building the ideal content marketing team structure means finding the right person  for each step of the process. So how can you get the best content from your marketing team by identifying what they want to do most? How To Structure Your Marketing Team To Create The Best Content via @KristiHinesDefine Roles For Every Person  Who Participates In Content Marketing Each person in your content marketing team structure should have a role. Let's be clear: Roles aren't titles. People on your existing team  can- and should- serve in these roles. For smaller businesses, there may be one person with multiple roles, but when those content marketing roles are defined, the process will be smoother. Here are the primary roles in the content marketing team structure. Try these 8 marketing team roles to create the best content1. Content marketing strategists Content marketing strategists set the stage for the entire content marketing operation. Your strategists help the entire content marketing team understand your audience (most likely in the form of personas), the topics you'll cover (based on your content core) and how you'll measure success. 2. Content strategists If content marketing strategists lay out a game plan, the content strategists are responsible for directing the team to execute the plan. Content strategists focus on the audience and topics, and determine the best content, channels and overall ways to connect your content marketing with your customers. 3. Idea contributors Do you know  people who  have a million ideas in their head, but may not have the time to create content or the desire to do so? These folks  have lots of great ideas when it comes to the topics that people might enjoy reading about. These are your ideal idea contributors. The best part about idea contributors is that they don't have to be limited to people inside your content marketing team structure. Idea contributors are everyone from your customer support techs to your CEO. Unless they express interest in creating content, you shouldn't pressure them to do so. Instead, just invite them to share their ideas for others to develop. Make it easy for idea contributors  by giving them access to a shared Google spreadsheet or letting them email a specific member in the content marketing team structure. Let them contribute as little information (such as a topic idea or content title) or as much information (topic idea plus outline or main points) as they want. The simpler you make the process, the more ideas you can get for the content creators on your team. The simpler you make it to submit content ideas, the more you'll get from your thought leaders.4. Content  writers Content writers are the people who use their creativity and knowledge to develop various types of content. With the support of idea contributors, content creators never have to fear the dreaded "writer's block" syndrome. And with the support of content editors, they don't have to focus on the technical aspects of writing- they can just let their ideas flow. 5. Content editors Content editors are the people in your content marketing team structure who use their technical writing skills to refine content created by your content creators. They are the people who may not have a steady stream of topic ideas or a willingness to write tons of content. But they can ensure that each piece of content flows well and is free of spelling and grammatical errors. They also manage the editorial calendar to ensure that content is published on a regular basis. 6. Content promoters Content promoters spread your content far and wide after it goes live. Anyone in your company with a social media account can do the simple promotion of sharing your content with their network. In addition to simple content promoters, you should have someone who  handles the full promotion of each piece of content. Full promotion includes sharing content on the company's social networks, sending the content out to newsletter subscribers, reaching out to other blogs that might be interested in linking to the content, and so on. 7. Graphic Designers Strong visual communicators are invaluable for content marketing. Sure, you can create graphics using a variety of free tools. However, they are not a replacement for a skilled graphic designer. Content teams tend to have heavy visual design needs. That means designers carry a heavy load. Some of the assets they create include: Website images Blog post graphics Social media graphics (post images, cover photos, etc.) E-book covers Presentation slide graphics Infographics Print collateral (brochures, flyers, etc.) That's just a short list of examples.  A great designer will ensure your content maintains a consistent brand identity across  all your content. 8. Community managers Community managers help manage the engagement around your content, including comments and social media posts. They will respond to comments, moderate spam and thank those who  share your content. Having a dedicated community manager for your blog will help you grow a loyal community of readers and people who love to share your content. 9. Content analysts There should be someone who takes the time to review the analytics for your content. This person will look at traffic, social shares, engagement, search rankings and conversions to determine which pieces of content perform best for your business. They will use this data to suggest the best topics, optimal times to publish  and strongest content creators. 10. Videographers / Video editors You've probably heard the hype around video content marketing. Believe it. The  value and growth of video marketing is only set to increase. These folks will shoot and edit video for social media, blog posts, your website, YouTube (and other video hosting and sharing sites), and more. Shooting live video for social media is also an important skill. Content Creators Are Linchpins In Your Content Marketing Team Structure While every role is essential for a successful content marketing team structure, content creators take on a bulk of the workload. There are tons of different types of content creators that you should have in your content marketing team structure. Here are a few ways to make sure each content creator is doing what they love. Who's the best at creating certain content formats? Not all content creators are writers, nor should they be. You will want to enlist the help of content creators who  can handle different types of content including text, graphics (blog graphics and infographics), audio (podcasts) and video (screencasts and on-camera). When you have content creators to cover all of the content  formats your content strategist recommends you use, you can create robust pieces of content that include different formats to appeal to different learners. For example, you could have a tutorial post that includes great screenshots and video screencasts. You could have videos with optional MP3 downloads. Think of ways to mix and match your content, and you'll appeal to those who prefer to read, listen and watch. Focus on your marketing team's strengths. Not all content creators are created equal. Some may have particular strengths, all of which are important to your content development. Here are a few strengths to look for within your content creators: Researching Some people love data. They love digging into analytics to identify specific trends that lead to specific results. They love hunting for convincing statistics. They love conducting experiments. They love keeping tabs on your competitors to see what content topics perform best for them. These people are the researchers on your team. They can help you create in-depth content, such as reports, white papers and e-books. They can also boost the value of the content created by other team members by backing up advice with the data needed to convince readers to take action. Storytelling Storytelling is not a gift that every content creator has tucked away under their belt. But it's an important aspect that can help people relate to your content, even in a boring industry. Educating Those that love to teach will enjoy creating the educational content. Educational content includes how-to posts, guides and e-books. Interviewing Interviews make for great content because you can bring in viewpoints from outside your company. In addition, you can generally rely on the interviewee to promote your content, exposing it to a new audience. Having someone with interviewing skills in your content marketing team structure is a definite plus! Assign content creation  based on your marketing team's interests. While most people can write about several different topics, many have topics they are passionate about. Harness your team's passion to create the best content.Those who write about the topics they love and know like the back of their hand are going to create superb content that your audience is going to love. If you can find someone on your content creation team to cover each of the main topic areas for your blog and other content types, they will automatically become your company's "expert" on that topic. Who on your marketing team knows your audience the best? Do you have multiple personas defined for your content marketing strategy? For example, maybe you have a great tool for businesses and thus write content geared towards CEOs, project managers and potential product users. If so, then you might want to know which of these audiences your content creators want to write for. How To Find Out Your Marketing  Team's Interests Now that know what you need to identify from the members of your content  marketing  team, here's how to do it. Google Forms is the perfect tool because it is free to use and will collect the data you need in one place. To get started, go to Google Drive, log in to your Google account, and click the "New" button. Select "Google Forms", which is sometimes under the "More" popout. First, name your survey. Then you will add questions to help you classify what roles each person in your content marketing team would like to pursue, their strengths, their interests, their preferred content formats and their audience. Once completed, your form should look similar to this. Once you finish, you will click the "Send Form" button. Google Drive will give you the link to share your survey, along with the option to enter email addresses to send the survey to. When you visit Google Drive, you will see two files: "Your Survey" and "Your Survey (Responses)". The responses file is a spreadsheet where survey answers are  recorded. This spreadsheet will be your go-to resource when you decide how to organize your content  marketing  team structure. Once you receive all of the responses, you should know who wants to fill specific roles in your content marketing team, what type of content the content creators want to develop, and who will handle editing, promotion and analytics. As you gain new employees, you can send the survey to them to see if they would be interested in being a part of your content marketing team as well. Your Next Step: Structure Your Team To Create Better Content By allowing your content marketing team to focus on the things they do best and the topics they are most passionate about, you will ensure that they are delivering the best content possible for your company. Be sure to survey your content marketing team today to see if you are using  everyone's strengths and see what a difference it makes! What content marketing role do you serve on your team? How To Structure Internal And External Content Teams (From Our CEO, Garrett Moon) In order to build the world's best all-in-one  content marketing  calendar (yep!),   needs to understand how modern blogging teams work. So,  the team  called, emailed, and Googled its way to understanding. The results are valuable. Content marketing and editorial teams are diverse, but 's research  concluded that there are really only two major types of team structures, and then two minor ones that branch off from there. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these teams makes a huge difference in how you  manage and organize your own writing team.

International Human Rights Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Human Rights Law - Essay Example The concept of international protection of individual rights was expressly recognized in the San Francisco Conference (1945). The United Nations Charter also imposed human rights obligations on all member states, pursuant to which the General Assembly approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). These international documents show the desire of the international community to recognize individuals as partial subjects of international law. Although the Universal Declaration is not a legally binding document, several states have voluntarily included in their national constitutions and domestic legislations most of its provisions. The Nuremberg trials and the Genocide Convention have uprooted the idea that a government could do its wishes to its citizens within its jurisdiction. Significant progress was made in direct and effective protection for the individual, his status and legal personality, legalising human rights and basic freedoms through the adoption of international and regional conventions and mechanisms for the purpose and allowing the individuals to file claims and complaints in the case these conventions were violated. Because international human rights law refers to the basic rights owed to individuals by states and consisting of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of a particularly high intensity1, human rights law is unique in international law in its emphasis on the individual. The obligation is owed not to the national government but to the individual who is increasingly granted access to tribunals, domestic, regional and international, for the enforcement of these rights. The international community now has legitimate concern for the treatment of the individual and the latter is no longer under the exclusive domestic jurisdiction. According to David Little, "Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are considered entitled: the right to life, liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equal treatment before the law, among others. These rights represent entitlements of the individual or groups vis--vis the government as well as responsibilities of the individual and the government authorities. Such rights are ascribed "naturally", which means that they are not earned and cannot be denied on the basis of race, creed, ethnicity or gender."2 International human rights law aims primarily to protect individuals and groups from abusive action by states and state agents.3 International human rights law treats the state as the principal threat to individual freedom and well-being.4 Some acts are so defined that they constitute human rights violations only if they are committed by state agents or in their conspiracy or complicity.5 There are some acts constituting human rights violations result to individual responsibility6 and other acts7 constituting crimes under international law. Human rights provides a universal paradigm of dignity for the human person. The 1966 International Covenants (1. On civil and political rights, 2. On economic, social and cultural rights 3. On collective rights)8 provided international standards which allow for cultural and religious diversity. The three instruments adopted by the General Assembly on

A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1590) Assignment

A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1590) - Assignment Example sometimes â€Å"v† represents the /u/ sound as in â€Å"vnto.† Definitely, however, the culture did not care about the sound as much as they cared about the spelling. On the other hand, since the same word is spelled consistently like â€Å"watche† and â€Å"solemne,† it only seems that English culture may not be sloppy but may be one that favors someone in a hurry to take down notes. Due to the intricacy of the picture in terms of detail, it is possible that the engraver’s skill and tools were satisfactory. The artist’s skills may also be good enough as he was able to draw the Indian village using third-dimensional point of view. Through the publicists, people may learn that the people of the New World are rather peace-loving and united as a community. They will also be thought of as organized and religious. However, some Europeans may view them either as primitive because of their use of fire, or as fit to be used as slaves as they cultivate good plants like tobacco and corn. The Indians gather around a broad plot to meet with their neighbors, to celebrate their solemn feasts and to engage in merrymaking after the feast. The Indians also assemble themselves together to say their solemn prayers. There is also a place where they make fire to light up their feasts. The two observers made such observations and clearly and carefully documented the activities of the town of Secota because they wanted to somehow get a blueprint of what it is like to live among the Native Americans. The observers did this because they themselves wanted to establish a settlement in that place. To the Europeans, a clear understanding of the life of Native Americans is essential to building a long-lasting and harmonious relationship with them. The two observers provided realistic portrayals of Indian culture because they made such claims from an ordinary observer’s point of view. There were no details or explanations as to why the Indians were meeting their neighbors or conducting

Water Is Essential To Maintain Healthy Lifestyle Environmental Sciences Essay

Water Is Essential To Maintain Healthy Lifestyle Environmental Sciences Essay Water is one of natures most important gifts to mankind. Essential to life, a persons survival depends on drinking water. Water is one of the most essential elements to good health it is necessary for the digestion and absorption of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air conditioning system. (Health officials emphasize the importance of drinking at least eight glasses of clean water each and every day to maintain good health). WATER IN LIMITED SUPPLY Global Water There is nothing more fundamental to the human condition and global health than access to clean water and sanitation. While nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is fresh.  Without potable drinking water, it will be very difficult for people to maintain a healthy lifestyle as well as care for themselves and their family. The absence of potable water will cause challenge in the development of countries around the world as water is one of the main contributing factors. The lack of safe drinking water is the primary cause of disease in the world today, this leads to a cycle of poverty and instability. Throughout the world, water supplies in developing countries are contaminated with a wide variety of microorganisms that cause typhoid, diarrheal diseases, amoebic dysentery, cholera, and other lethal diseases. Due to the inadequate supply of potable water, the people without will have to go to places that have water that is fit for consumption and this in turn could cause difficulties with other areas and thus lead to clashes and disputes with each other for the water. There will also be an increase in the price of water, and people who cant afford any will have to suffer. Whats more, dirty water directly affects every area of development. Children cannot attend school if they are sick from dirty water, and adults suffering from water-borne illnesses overwhelm hospitals and cannot go to work. Hours spent looking for and collecting clean water mean hours not spent adding to a familys economic well-being. Water is the lifeblood of a community. When water is unsafe to drink, the entire community suffers.   In short, the best intentioned efforts at development fail if the basic necessity of clean water is not met. Without water, crops and livestock wither and die. People go hungry and become weak. Weakness allows disease to run its course and finally the Quiet Killer hunger, takes its toll. Am sorry son I am thirsty too, but there is no water for us to drink, because it is scarce and we dont have any potable water here. Daddy has gone to see if he can get some. ok. Ok mom, but how long will this last? Mommy am really thirsty, can I have some water please!!!! http://www.freecoloring.info/img/cartoon2-09.gifhttp://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSba98jVe_x2vGyeDUcweXBFhEwgw57e3sWeRgOzxcOTav5nzP1Lleppcbwhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRre_b7ojzCH2OGFFPOKPWFBrbGEQ48dMy1dcbgdMez7OvYItVs_oHtrkmJmA Honey I am back, I have bad news. I did not get any potable water for us to drink, we will have to leave here and go somewhere else where there is potable water. I dont know son, but I hope its not long http://www.freecoloring.info/img/cartoon2-09.gif http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQY_4F3pJNOlSJbAaUqvl1RN1xSSRYcvJHF91_RdJ37GgGCeGs-Ah7jzxVe ACCESS TO FRESH WATER Water is essential not only to personal health, but also to healthy economic, geopolitical, and environmental conditions around the world. Yet due to population growth, climate change, and mismanagement, the need for adequate, affordable drinking (and irrigation) water is a growing international crisis. The UN estimates that by 2025, forty-eight nations, with combined population of 2.8 billion, will face freshwater stress or scarcity. Its 2012 what is going to happen? In many countries, the water problem is the primary reason people are unable to rise out of poverty.  The number of people that have no access to fresh water will increase because of the population growth of some countries. This increase will lead to a rise in need for water because the more births per region is the more people that will be in need of water because the amount of water available per person is decreasing. The scarcity of fresh water will lead to a means of buying fresh water from people who have. Access of water through rivers, streams and lakes are becoming impossible because waste is dumped there by companies and factories thus causing water pollution. The water is then unsanitary for human consumption. This pollution of waterways affects the access of fresh drinking to a lot of people because it will be difficult to get water. They will have to relocate to places where fresh water is available or adapt to their situation. At present there are about 12,000 square kilometres of polluted fresh water in the world, and if trends are not slowed or reversed, the total will reach 18,000 sq km by 2050, nearly nine times the total amount currently used for irrigation.  The Age (Melbourne) Another factor that greatly increases the number of people with access to fresh drinking water is global warming. This is an increase in the temperature of the earths atmosphere. This rise of temperature will decrease the levels of water in rivers and lakes through evaporation and thus make more and more difficult to access fresh water as time passes. The levels of water in seas rise drastically due to global warming and this then contaminate the waterways on land making them saline and unable to access for drinking. The impact of global warming is disrupting the flow of water and causing storms and droughts that will make it tough to gain access to fresh water for countries. By 2050, per capita water supply is predicted to fall, leaving anywhere from 2 billion to 7 billion people with water scarcity (CBC News)